BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
O TO Z
Ornithology — Study of birds.
Ophthalmology — Study of eyes.
Osteology — Study of bones
Organocology — Study of development of organs under embryology.
Olericulture—It is the branch of agriculture dealing with vegetables
Palaeozoology — It is the study of animal fossils.
Phenology — Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates e.g. bird migration, opening of flowers etc.
Physiology — Study of functions of various parts of body
is called physiology.
Parasitology — Study of parasites.
Protozoology — Study of unicellular organisms. i.e.Protozoa Characters
Parazoology — Study of sponges.
Pathology — Nature, symptoms, causes, effects, prevention and suggestive cure of disease is called pathology.
Plant physiology — It is the study of various functional aspects or life processes of the plants.
Plant taxonomy — It is the study of identification, nomenclature and classification of plants.
Palaeobotany — It is the study of fossils of prehistoric plants.
Plant ecology — The study of relationship of plants with the environment is termed plant ecology.
Plant geography — The study of distribution of plants over the surface of earth.
Phycology — It is the study of algae.
Plant pathology — It is the study of plant diseases, their causes, symptoms and methods of control.
Pteridology — It is the study of pteridophytes.
Palynology — It is the study of pollen grains and sperms.
Pomology — It is the study of fruits.
Protology — It is the study of hind gut including rectum and anus.
Physiotherapy — Treatment of defects by physical remedies is called physiotherapy.
Protistology — It is the study of protists.
Phenology — Study of periodicity phenomenon of organisms e.g. Bird Migration.
Pharmacology — It is the study of medicine or drug plants.
Plant breeding — It is the study of genetics in relation to selective crossing and reproduction between different plants.
Plant agronomy — It is the science of soil management and production of crops.
Pharmacognsy — It is the scientific study of structural, physical, chemical and sensory characters of plants, cultivation, collection and other particulars relating to their uses.
Pharmacology — Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organisms.
Phrenology — Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings.
Plant Morphology — Study of form and structure of plant organ is called morphology.
Rhinology — Study of nose and olfactory organs.
Serology — Study of serum ; interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood.
Splanchnology — Study of visceral cavity and its organs.
Soil Science — The study of soil involving its structure, type and dynamics is called soil science.
Sedimentology — Study of rocks and fossils.
Space biology — It is the study of problem of survival living organisms in outer space.
Serpentology (Ophiology) — Study of snakes.
Saurology — Study of lizards.
Sitology — Science of food, diet and nutrition.
Stomatology — It is the study of foregut.
Speciology — Study of species.
Sarcology—It is branch of anatomy which deals with fleshy
parts of body.
Spelaeology—Study of caves and cave life.
Teratology — lt is a branch of developmental biology which deals with the study of developmental abnormalities during embryonic stages.
Taxonomy — It deals with the principles of identification, nomenclature and classification of the animals.
Torentology — It is the study of diseases of embryo.
Taphonomy — It deals with the study of conditions conducive to fossilization of organisms in the plant.
Tricology — Study of hairs is called trichology.
Trophology — Study of nutrition is called tropology.
Toxicology — Study of narcotic effect on animals.
Therapeutics — Study of healing.
Tectology—It is the study of structural organization animals.
Traumatology — Study of injuries and wounds.
biology-branches-power point presentation(ppt)
Urology — Study of excretory system.
Virology — It is the study of viruses.
Xenology—It is the study of hosts in relation to life history of parasites.
Zoogeography — It is the study of distribution of animals
in different geographic regions.
Zoopathology — Study of diseases of animals.
Zoophytology — Study of drifting organisms such as diatoms.
Zymology — Study of fermentation is called zymology.
Zootechny — Science of breeding and domesticating animals.
Zoonosology — it is the study of handicapped animals.
Zoology-Study of Animals.
*Quick Angiosperm Family* important characteristics features-
😎Ranunculacae- Apocarpous ovary; achene fruits
😎Brasicaceae- Tetramerous flower ; Cruciform corolla
😎Malvaceae- Monadelphous stamens
😎Lamiacae- Gynobasic style
😎fibre yielding plant-Crotolaria; Cochorus; Linux, Coccus nucifera
😎Isotype is duplicate of holotype
😎Dried,pressed and preserved plant material on herberium shear is called herberium.
😎21 series in Bantham and Hooker system of classification
😎gymnosperm place between dicot and monocot in Bantham and Hooker system of classification.
😎 Lignoceae and herbaceae belongs to Hutchinson system of classification.
😎 Natural system of classification is of Bantham and HOoker.
😎 Artificial system of classification is of C.v Linnae.
😎artificial system of classification based on about few character.
😎 Magnoliopsida is primitive according to the Takhtagen system of classification.
😎 Embryology Poenia is separated from Ranunculacea.
😎 Adnate stipule found in rosaceae family.
😎Replum found in Brasicaceae family.
😎 Obdiplostemonous condition found in Caryophylaceae family.
😎 Shorea robust belong to the Dipterocarpaceae family.
😎 Pomegranate belong to the lathyraceae family.
😎 Saffron yielding plant is crocus salvinus belong to the family Iridacae.
😎 Spadix inflorescence found in banana and Maize.
😎 Gynobasic style found in Lamiacae- family.
😎 Spike are spikelet inflorescence found in wheat.
😎exile placentation superior ovary and trimerous flower found in Liliaceae family
😎 Ligule is the characteristic feature of the poaceae family.
😎 Floral bud modified into tendril in Antigonon.
😎 Ferula asafoetida is obtained from root.
😎Jute is obtained from phloem part Cochorus capsularis .
😎 Khus is obtained from Vitivaria zinzivadis..
😎 Bast fibre obtained from the secondary phloem.
😎Crotolaria juncea is Sunhemp..
😎 Natural rubber is obtained from the latex of heavia brasiliensis.
😎 Phylloclade in the modification of stem.
😎 Winged petiole found in Citrus species.
😎Pineapple is the example of Sorosis fruit.
😎 Verticillaster inflorescence found in labiatae family.
😎 Cyathium inflorescence found in euphorbiaceae family.
😎 Head inflorescence found in Asteracae family.
😎Fleshy leaves of onion is eaten
😎False fruit-Apple,Pear etc.
😎 Hypogynous flower ovary is superior.
✍️Notes on Biotechnology
Steps of recombinant DNA technology
(1) Isolating a useful DNA segment from the donor organism.
(2) Splicing it into a suitable vector under conditions to ensure that each vector receives no more than one DNA fragment.
(3) Producing of multiple copies of his recombinant DNA.
(4) Inserting this altered DNA into a recipient organism.
(5) Screening of the transformed cells.
Vectors:
Vector in genetic engineering is usually a DNA segment used as a carrier for transferring selected DNA into living cells. These are as follows:
(1) Plasmid: Plasmid is extra chromosomal, closed circular double stranded molecules of DNA present in most eukaryotes. All plasmid carry replicons pieces of DNA that have the genetic information required to replicate. Plasmid pBR 322 was one of the first widely used cloning vectors, it contain both ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes.
(2) Phage: It is constructed from the phage l chromosomes and acts as bacteriophage cloning vectors.
(3) Cosmid: The hybrids between plasmid and the phage l chromosome give rise to cosmid vectors.
(4) Beside all these there are artificial chromosomes like
(i) BACs (Bacterial Artificial chromosomes)
(ii) YACs (Yeast Artificial chromosomes)
(iii) MACs (Mammalian Artificial chromosomes) are very efficient vectors for eukaryotic gene transfers.
Application of recombinant DNA technology:
The technique of recombinant DNA can be employed in the following ways.
(1) It can be used to elucidate molecular events in the biological process such as cellular differentiation and ageing. The same can be used for making gene maps with precision.
(2) In biochemical and pharmaceutical industry, by engineering genes, useful chemical compounds can be produced cheaply and efficiently which is shown in table.
Contributions of Biologists :
🌟1. Binomial nomenclature was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
🌟2. Two kingdom system of classification was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
🌟3. Systema Naturae was written by Carolus Linnaeus.
🌟4. Artificial system of classification was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
🌟5. Natural System of classification for flowering plants was given by
George Bentham & J.D. Hooker.
🌟6. 5 kingdom system of classification was given by R.H. Whittaker (1969).
🌟 7. Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.
🌟8. Biological classification of plants & animals was first proposed by
Aristotle.
🌟9. Causal organism of the mosaic disease of tabacco is recognised by D.J.
Ivanowsky (1892).
🌟10. Contagium vivum fluidum is called by M.W. Beijerinek (1898).
🔰Sperm pathway through male
reproductive tract :-
"𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗨𝗣" 🍺🍻
𝗦eminiferous tubules
𝗘pididymis
𝗩as deferens
𝗘jaculatory duct
𝗡othing
𝗨rethra
𝗣enis
🔰Hypothalamus General Functions :-
"𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 " 🏃💨
𝗟ibido
𝗔ppetite
𝗧emperatute
𝗘motion
🔰Functions of kidney :-
"𝗔 𝗪𝗘𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗗 "💦
𝗔cid -Base balance
𝗪ater remove
𝗘rythropiesis
𝗧oxin removal
𝗕lood pressure control
𝗘lectrolyte balance
𝗗 Vitamin D activation
Evidences from comparative morphology and anatomy :-
⚡️Examples of homologous organs:⚡️
(i) Forelimbs of mammals
(ii) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita both are modification of axillary bud.
(iii)Vertebrate hearts or brains
(iv)Mouth parts of insects :
Cockroach Honey bee Mosquito
(Biting & chewing) (Chewing & lapping) (Piercing & Sucking)
(v) Testes in male and ovaries in female
(vi) Potato and Ginger - both are modified shoot
(vii) Radish and Carrot - both are modified roots
⚡️Examples of Analogous organs :⚡️
(i) Wings of butterfly and birds
(ii) Eye of the octopus and of mammals
(iii) Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins
(iv) Sweet potato (root modification) and potato (stem modification)
(v) Sting of bee and scorpion
(vi) Chloragogen cells of earthworm and liver of vertebrates
Very Important Points, Must read once.
🌵 *𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮 𝙏𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠* 🦋
*𝙒𝘽𝘾*
𝙉𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙡𝙚𝙩 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙠𝙚𝙮 𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙨 𝙗𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙖
𝙀𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
𝙉: 𝙉𝙚𝙪𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙨 : 𝙈𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙖𝙗𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙩
𝙇: 𝙇𝙮𝙢𝙥𝙝𝙤𝙘𝙮𝙩𝙚 : 𝙎𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙥𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚
𝙈: 𝙈𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙘𝙮𝙩𝙚 : 𝙇𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙥𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙨
𝙀: 𝙀𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙨/𝘼𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙨: 𝘽𝙄𝙡𝙤𝙗𝙗𝙚𝙙
𝘽: 𝘽𝙖𝙨𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙨 : 𝙇𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙩 𝙖𝙗𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙩
MNEMONICS ANIMAL KINGDOM ----
👇👇👇
💥 Phylum Porifera
👉Mnemonic: Sponges---
Pores All Your Sides.
Pore – Porifera
All – Spongilla
Your – Euspongia,
Sides – Sycon.
Examples: Spongilla, Euspongia, Sycon
💥PHYLUM COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA):
💢Examples: Physalia, Obelia, Meandrina, Adamsia, Aurelia, Gorgonia, Pennatula, Hydra.
👉 Mnemonic: Physics Objective exams MeinAdam Aur George Ne Pen Hide kiya.
Physics – Physalia
Objective – Obelia
Mein – Meandrina
Adam – Adamsia
Aur – Aurelia
George – Gorgonia
Ne – Cnidaria
Pen – Pennatula
Hide – Hydra.
💥PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES:
💢Examples: Taenia, Planaria, Fasciola.
👉Mnemonic: Teeno ki Planning Fail hui.
Teeno – Taenia
Planning – Planaria
Fail – Fasciola
😘TRICKS FOR AMINO ACID🙈
1.Basic
Trick:- Loves his art
lysins
histidine
arginine
2. Acidic
Trick:- As Glue
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
3. Polar
Trick:- Sera throw her cyster(sister) to get Aspirin.
Serine
Thrionine
Cystein
Asparginine
4. Aromatic
Trick:- PhaTy Tyre
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
5. Non polar
Tricks:- Professor Leucy IS Already at Valley Ground to Meet him.
Proline
Leucine
Isoleucine
Alanine
Valine
Glycine
Methionine
Diseases Caused by Bacteria/Virus/Protozoa.
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
📕Diseases caused by Bacteria
🍀Cholera – Vibrio choleraei
💈Anthrax– Bacillus anthracise
💈Diphtheria – Corynebacterium diphtheriae
📫Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae
📮Botulism – Clostridium botulinum
📭Syphilis – Treponema pallidum
🍀Tetanus – Clostridium tetani
🌴Trachoma – Chlamydia trachomatis
🌴Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
🍀Typhoid fever – Salmonella typhi.
🌱Whooping cough– Bordetella pertussis
📕Diseases caused by Virus
📫AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)
📮Influenza – Influenza virus
📭Mumps- Mumps Virus
🌴Polio – Polio Virus
🌱Chicken Pox – Varicella zoster virus
🍀Small Pox – It is caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
🌴Measles- Measles Virus
🍀Dengue fever – Dengue Virus
📭Chikungunya – Chikungunya virus.
📫Rabies – Rabies virus
📕Diseases caused by Fungi
📭Athlete’s foot – caused by the mold known as Epidermophyton floccosum
📕Diseases caused by Protozoa
📫Malaria – Plasmodium vivax
💊Amoebic dysentery – Entamoeba histolytica
🌵 *Biology Trick* 🦋
Learn the type of epithelium present at various sites in our body:
1. Simple Squamous: BLEM
B - Bowmans Capsule
L- Lung Alveoli
E- Endothelium
M - Mesothelium
2. Simple Cuboidal: ROT
R- Renal tubules
O -Outer Enamel Epithelium
T- Thyroid Follicles
3. Simple Columnar: BIG SIR
B - Brain
I - Intestines
G- Gall Bladder
S- Stomach
I - Inner Enamel Epithelium
R - Resp Tract
4. Pseudostratified Columnar: Pls doNNT Booze
P - Paranasal Sinus
N- Nasal Cavity
N- Nasopharynx
T-Trachea
B- Bronchi
💫💞💫LIVER💫💞💞
👉Liver is the largest gland of the body (CPMT 2008)
👉Weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg (KCET 1999) in an adult human.
It is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm and has two lobes. (RPMT 2002)
👉Falciform ligament connects liver with diaphragm. (AMU 2012)
👉The hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver.
👉Glisson's capsule is the characterstic feature of mammalian liver.
👉Mammalian liver also contains phagocytic cells called kupffer cells.
👉Gall bladder is present in right lobe proper. (Pb. 1995)
👉Gallbladder is absent in rat, birds, whale and horse.
👉Liver is 2-lobed in man, 3-lobed in frog and 5-lobed in rabbit.
👉Anticoagulant heparin is manufactured in liver.
👉 Plasma proteins (albumins, globulins and fibrinogens) are formed in liver.
👉 Liver synthesises cholesterol. (MP 2000)
🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷𝘼𝙇𝙇 𝘼𝘽𝙊𝙐𝙏 𝙏𝙄𝙎𝙎𝙐𝙀𝙎🌷🌷🌷🌷
Tissues are categorized as −
🌺Plant Tissue
🌺Animal Tissue
❀❀❀Plant Tissue❀❀❀
Following are the major types of plant tissue −
➖Meristematic Tissues
➖Permanent Tissues
🐾Simple Permanent Tissues🐾
➖Parenchyma
➖Collenchyma
➖Sclerenchyma
➖Epidermis
❀🌸Complex Permanent Tissue🌸❀
➖Xylem
➖Phloem
❀❤️Meristematic Tissue❤️❀
➖Meristematic tissue mainly consists of actively dividing cells, and helps in increasing the length and thickening the stems of the plant.
➖Meristematic tissue, commonly, present in the primary growth regions of a plant, for example, in the tips of stems or roots.
➖Depending on the region (where the meristematic tissues are found); meristematic tissues are classified as apical, lateral, and intercalary (see the image given below).
➖Apical meristem (as shown in the above image) is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and helps in their growth.
➖Lateral Meristem is found in stem or root region and helps in their growth.
➖Intercalary meristem is found at the base of the leaves or internodes (on twigs) and helps in growth.
💛Permanent Tissue
Cells of meristematic tissue later differentiate to form different types of permanent tissue.
💎Permanent Tissue is further categorized as −
➖Simple Permanent Tissue and
➖Complex Permanent Tissue
🥀Simple Permanent Tissue
Simple Permanent Tissue further categorized as −
➖Parenchyma
➖Collenchyma
➖Sclerenchyma
➖Epidermis
🌼Parenchyma tissue provides support to plants and also stores food.
🌸Sometimes, parenchyma tissue contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis, in such a condition, it is known as collenchyma.
🌼The collenchyma tissue provides flexibility to plant and also provides mechanical support (to plant).
🌸The large air cavities, which are present in parenchyma of aquatic plants, give buoyancy to the plants and also help them float, are known as aerenchyma.
🌼The Sclerenchyma tissue makes the plant hard and stiff. For example, the husk of a coconut is made up of sclerenchymatous tissue.
🌸The cells of Sclerenchyma tissue normally are dead.
🌼The outermost layer of cells is known as epidermis.
🌸The epidermis is usually made up of a single layer of cells.
🌼The entire surface of a plant has the outer covering of epidermis, which protects all the parts of the plant.
🌻Complex Permanent Tissue
The complex tissue, normally, consists of more than one type of cells which work together as a unit.
🌺Complex tissues help in the transportation by carrying organic material, water, and minerals up and down in the plants.
🍃Complex Permanent Tissue is categorized as;
➖Xylem
➖Phloem
🌺Xylem, normally, consists of tracheid, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
🌼Xylem is accountable for the conduction of water and mineral ions/salt.
🌸Phloem, normally, is made up of four types of elements namely −
➖Sieve tubes
➖Companion cells
➖Phloem fibers and
➖Phloem parenchyma
🌸Phloem tissue transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙩𝙚𝙧 - 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙗𝙚𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙛𝙖𝙧𝙚❤️
1.curd also known as lactobacillus or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) with high nutritional quality by increasing vitamin B12.
2.large holes in Swiss cheese are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by bacteria named 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙪𝙢 𝙨𝙜𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙞.
3.camemcert cheese(soft) - penicillium camemberti
4.Roquefort cheese( semi-hard) -penicillium Roqueforti
5.Baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
6.'Toddy' prepared from sap of palms by fermentation.
7.yeast fermentation are
a) Beer- produced from hordeum vulgare and alcohal content is 3-6%
b) Wine - from grapes and alcohol amount is 10-20%
c) brands - distillation of wine and alcohol amount is 60-70%
d) Tum prodced from molasses of sugarcane and alcohol amount is 40%
8.penicillin was the first antibiotic by 𝘼𝙡𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙁𝙡𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙜.
9. The bottle juice was cleared by 𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚.
10. Streptokinase (by Bacterium streptococcus)- clot buster
11.Cyclosporin A ( by fungus trichiderma polysporum) - immunosuppressive agent
12.Statins (by yeast monascus purpureus) - blood cholesterol lowering agent.
13.𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙚- those biological agents that are used for control of weeds, insects,pathogens by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
14. 𝘽𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙨 used as biological agents are in the genus nucleopolyhedrovirus.
15. 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙧𝙨- organisms that are enrich the nutrient quality of soil by bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria.
16 .in 𝘽𝙞𝙤(𝙜𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙧) 𝙜𝙖𝙨 - 𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙚(50-70%), 𝘾𝙊2(30-40%), 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣 𝙨𝙪𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙙𝙚.
🤟VIMP- DO OR DIE 🤟
✌️IMP OF PLANT KINGDOM✌️
👉Isogamous sexual reproduction in algae- Ulothrix (flagellated)
Spirogyra (non-flagellated)
👉Anisogamous sexual reproduction in algae- Udorina
👉Oogamous sexual reproduction in algae- Volvox, Fucus
👉Algin- Brown Algae
👉Carragreen - Red Algae
👉Agar- Gelidium, Gracilaria
(Red algae)
👉Motile asexual spores in algae- Zoospores
👉Laminarin, Mannitol- Complex carbohydrates of Brown algae
👉Fucoxanthin- Brown Algae
👉Phycoerythrin- Red Algae
👉Floridean Starch Found in Red algae, similar to amylopectin and glycogen
👉The main plant body is a gametophyte- Bryophytes
👉Peat- Sphagnum
👉Microphylls- Selaginella
👉Macrophylls- Fern
👉Heterosporous pteridophytes- Selaginella
Salvinia
👉Vascular plants without seeds- Pteridophytes
👉Mycorrhiza- Pinus
(symbiotic association with fungi in the roots)
👉Coralloid roots- Cycas
(nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the roots)
👉The tallest gymnosperm- Sequoia (redwood tree)
Microscopic angiosperm Wolffia
👉Parallel venation- Monocotyledons
👉Reticulate venation- Dicotyledons
👉The cells of embryo sac are- Haploid
👉Algae showing haplo-diplontic life cycle- Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, Kelps
👉Algae showing the diplontic life cycle- Fucus
Human Physiology Short Tricks ✌️
Locomotion And Movement 🏃🏃♀️:
Types Of Joint ::::: @AmbitionMBBS🏥
1. Pivot Joint - (Between Atlas And Axis) - Aam Aadmi Party 💃
Aam= atlas
Aadmi= axis
Party= pivot joint
2. Gliding Joint - Gliding(phislana) car and truck🏂
Inter is common in both
Gliding=gliding joint
Car= intercarpel joint
Truck=intertarsal joint
3. Fibrous joint - Fibrous Statue of Cristiano ⚽
(suture in cranium)
Fibrous= fibrous joint
Statue= suture
Cristiano = in cranium
4. Ball And socket joint - shoulder joint (between glenoid cavity and humerous)
Extra Gyaan You know Glen Maxwell Is crickter
Shoulder Of Glenn Is Injured By Many Humans
Shoulder = Shoulder joint
Glen= glenoid cavity
Humans= humerous
Hip joint between acetabulum And femur
Hi Acetic acid and fumaric acid 😂
Hi= hip joint
Acetic = acetabulum
Fumaric= femur
5. Saddle joint - (Trick Story) you are sad because you have only car and your friend have MercedeS car of Thailand
(between carpels and metacarpals of thumb)
sad=saddle joint
Car=carpels
Mercedes car=metacarpels
Thailand = Thumb
6. Hinge joint - Knee joint
Both pronouncation is almost same and both have e in last
Hinge = knee
7. cartilaginous - between vertebrates , pubis syumph an pelvic girdle.
I hope these will be helpful to you.
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